             ___ _______________________________7

 4
                   107

4.1.   struct.......................................................................................................... 107

4.2.   ........................................................................................ 109

4.3. :  ...........................................................................................................................109

4.4. ..........................................................................................................................113

4.5.   ..............................................................................................................115

4.6. : .........................................................................................................................116

4.7.   ..........................................................................................................................120

4.8. :    ...............................................................121

4.9.   .................................................................................................... 124

............................................................................................................................................... 124

 .....................................................................................................................................125

 5
   -       131

5.1. -  ....................................................................................................132

5.2. :   ....................................................................................... 135

5.3.  ...................................................................................................................................136

5.4.    .............................................................................................. 138

5.4.1.     :: ................................................ 138

5.4.2.   ................................................................................................139

5.5. :   ........................................................................................... 140

5.6.   ............................................................................................. 142

5.7.  this....................................................................................................................... 143

5.8. -  static  const.............................................................................. 144

5.8.1.  (mutable)...................................................................................... 146

5.9.       ................................................................... 147

5.10.   .................................................................................................149

.............................................................................................................................................. 150

.................................................................................................................................... 151

 6
                155

6.1.    .................................................................................................. 156

6.1.1.    .................................................................................. 157

6.1.2.  .............................................................................. 157

6.1.3.   .................................................................... 158

6.2.    ........................................................................................ 159

6.2.1.   .................................................................................... 160

6.3.    .....................................................................................................161

6.4. :    ............................................................... 162

6.5.  vect................................................................................................................................. 166

6.6.  ,   .......................................................................... 168

6.7. :   ........................................................................................... 169

6.8.   .............................................................................................................173

6.9.     ....................................................................................... 174