 9

, 
  STL

 C++   template    
 (parametric polymorphism).        
  ,      .  -
    .     -
     .   -
       .    
       ,
     ,    -
   (instantiation) .  ,  -
   -,    .

:    

9.1.   stack

  ch_stack,       6.2.1,
 ,  . 160.