396                                        .   

     .   
.  10.4,  ,  . 289 (  shape2.cpp).

  ,   C++,    -
         ,   .
,       ,  -
    .   ,  -
  ,    catch (),    -
,          . 
        . ,
      -,     -
 .  ,     .

 
			 	
				 ; 
				  
				 ; 
				  
				 
-> [] 0				
operator				
				 
new			void*	
delete			void*	
inline				 
catch				 
friend				 

.14. 

  t emp late     .
 ,       ,  -
      .

  stack_tl.cpp

template <class T> //  
class stack {
public:

stack() ;

explicit stack(int s);

T& pop() ;

void push(T);