0.8.    417

  ctype.h	   (), 
isxdigit() isspace() isalnum(c) ispunct() isgraph() isprint() iscntrl () isascii()	                    ,              ASCII

      -
. ,          .

   ctype.h				
toupper() tolower() toascii()	  	  	      ASCII 	  

  ASCII-    ASCII-.

D.8.   

      ,   .  -
    :

enum io_state { goodbit, eofbit, failbit, badbit };

// :  ,   ,
// ,  

 ANSI   ios_base : : iostate     -
,   .    - 
 , ANSI      -
- ios__base: : failure.     -
what ()   (char*) ,    .

         
-,    :

  	  
int goodf) ;int eof() ; int fail() ; int bad() ; int rdstate() ; void clearfint i = 0); int operator!() ; operator void*;	-,     EOF     -,   eofbit -,   failbit  badbit -,   badbit       ,   failbit  badbit  ,   failbit badbit