1.6.      C++   39

(peer-to-peer).        .
   ,       -
.         , 
        , ..   -
   .  CORBA  , 
    ,   
     .   -
  (Internet InterORB Protocol  ,   
    TCP/IP), CORBA- 
(      , 
        
  )     CORBA- -
 (          -
,        
    ).      MICO-
 CORBA. MICO      -
    CORBA,    C++.

1.6.5.     

 MPICH, PVM, MICO  POSIX Threads    -
.  ,      ,    -
        .   -
      .  POSIX Threads 
  C++    .  -
      ,   
    ,     
 .       -
,        
.  POSIX Threads  , , 
     ++-.   
 MPICH, PVM  MICO     
,     POSIX Threads  ,  
  ,    POSIX-  
 UNIX ( 3),    POSIX Threads.
    ,   
.  . 1.2 ,       C++.

 1.2.   MPICH, PVM, MICO  POSIX Threads  C++

                           C++

MPICH          -
.     SPMD.  -
 SMP-, -   

PVM             . 
   (-  )
 .   -