4.5.      133

   .      -
  .       -
,       (  ) -
.   ( )      .

        ,  ,  -
       ,   
   .     -
,  ,     -   , 
 .      .   ,
  ""    .    -
    ,        ,
 .         .
    ,       .
       -
  .     . 4.8.



			^	
				 
|  1  J  	 1 f  ^		SJ  3  ^^		
		3			
!=!*|  6 	  51	4			 1
	1	 2  3		
				

. 4.8.  

4.5.4.  "-"

  "-"  -"", 
 ,  -"".    
,    ""  "". -
"    ,   -
" .    .  -
"     ,  -""
  , -""    ,
  ,   -""   .  
-""     ,  -
"   , -""    -
    ,      -
 .  "-"   . 4.9.

4.5.5.  SPMD  MPMD  

             
           
    .     
SPMD (Single-Program, Multiple-Data  ,   )