                                        29

  ,      
.         -
,     .

     Widget. ,   , 
        $15,  
         100  -
 Widget   $50    30% [($15  100 )/($50  100 ) =
= $1500/$5000]  ,         -
.          -
        42,7% {[($15  100 ) 

-(0,11  $2000)]/(0,6  $50  100 ) = $1280/$3000},    
   11%,       60%.  -
,         -
   30  42,7%.

    ,       $10?  
  ,     ,    
 -20% [(-$10  100 )/$5000 = (-$1000)/$5000[.   , -
  ,     47% {($10  100 ) 

 (0,11  $2000)]/$3000 = $1220/$3000}.  ,    
 ,   ,    , 
,    .

         ,   -
    ,  ,  ,  
   .    ,   , -
,   ,        
  ,       .

2.4.2        

 -   :  ,  . -
      ,  ,    -
 15.      ,    (short
sales),   :      , 
    .         -
    :  ,  .

         
        ,   -
     ,    . -
,         ,     
(   ,         
 ).  ,        
       ,      (
  ,        -
,    ,   ).   , 
,  ,        -
  .

,       

           
.       ,   
          
  , ,   , ,   
 ,   ,      .