34                                                     2

       , , 
 .)

      ,     -
    ,      -
       , ..   
     ,      
.         -
, ,  ,       
    ,     . -
       .   -
           ,
      ,      -
 .          -
,    ,       -
. (  ,  ,      
  .)

 

         
,           ( -
,          -
 ,          ,   
      ).    
       .

        XYZ.    
  XYZ   $100  .     
 ,      $75  ,    
  XYZ         $1 
,          40%
[($100 - $75 - $1)/(0,6  $100) = $24/$60]. ,    , ,
,    XYZ    , 

-40% [($75 + $1 -$100)/(0,6 $100)= -$24/$60],      ,
    XYZ,    , 

-24% [($75 + $1 - $100)/$100 = - $24/$100].

         -
 XYZ        $120     
    $1  ,      
   -35% [($100 - $120 - $1)/(0,6  $100) = -$21/$60]. 
,           ,
     35% [($120 + $1 - $100)/ (0,6  $100) = $21/ $60].
        21% [($120 + $1 -

- $100)/$100 = $21/$100].

      ,   , -
   ,         -
 ?        . -
 ,     XYZ   $75,  ,  
   5%   ,   -
   4%       .   
  51,7% {[$100 - $75 - $1 + (0,05  0,6  $100) + (0,04  $100)]/(0,6 
$100) = $31/$60},   ,    40%.  , -
  ,   ,   , -
       .