94  3

Hans R. Stoll, Inferring the Components of the Bid-Ask Spread: Theory and Empirical
Tests, Journal of Finance, 44, no. 1 (March 1989), pp. 115134.

Robert W. Holthausen, Richard W. Leftwich, and David Mayers, Large-Block Transactions,
the Speed of Response, and Temporary and Permanent Stock-Price Effects, Journal of
Economics, 26, no. 1 (July 1990), pp. 71-95.

E Douglas Foster and S. Viswanathan, Variations in Trading Volume, Return Volatility,
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Hans R. Stoll, Equity Trading Costs In-The-Large, Journal of Portfolio Management, 19,
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Joel Hasbrouck and George Sofianos, The Trades of Market Makers: An Empirical Analysis
ofNYSE Specialists, Journal of Finance, 48, no. 5 (December 1993), pp. 1565-1593.

Ananth Madhavan and Seymour Smidt, An Analysis of Changes in Specialist Inventories
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8.          .
:

Richard A. Brealey and Stewart . Myers, Principles of Corporate Finance (New York:

McGraw-Hill, 1991), Chapter 15.

Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, and Jeffrey F. Jaffee, Corporate Finance
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9.        , -
    ,   :

George David Smith and Richard Sylla, The Transformation of Financial Capitalism:

An Essay on the History of American Capital Markets, Financial Markets, Institutions &
Instruments, 2, no. 2 (1993).