184                                                    7

          
, ^  X.,      . ,   
 ,       , -
    . ,   ,   
(9),    ,    (2),    -
.

      ,   N
 ,    N  ,   
 N1 :

   N               1/2

(7.7)

    ,   i uj  
  .   (7.6)      (X .<),
 (^^^)   (,, ) .    ,   
      ? ,  -
   ()  ,  i = j = 1.     
    ()      (),  (7.5)
 :

on=Pncs}Gl                                           <7-8)

         ,   , 
  +110.  ,   (7.8)    :

= 1 '|  , = <7i ,

     ,   , -
    .  ,    -
    .

 

      (variance-covariance matrix)
  , Baker  Charlie'.

 1  2  3

 1	146	187	145
 2	187	854	104
 3	145	104	289

,    (i, j),    
 /  . ,    (1,3)    
   ,      145.   
(/, /)   -  . ,   
    (2,2)   854.    -
,       , Baker  Charlie,  
      ,   -
 (7.66).

,  ,   . 7.2,   -
 : ^ = 0,2325, , = 0,4070, ^ = 0,3605: