304                                                   11

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,, - ', =,+ 6!7, + ^^ + ,,-           1-1?)

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13.    (TERM)       -
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.    (DEF^)        -
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11.4.2     

   (gross-sectional approaches)  , 
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,        
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 . 11.3       
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.     . 11.3 (   ) -
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, . 11.1 (   )      
    .

      ,   . 11.3,
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 .     . 11.3  :