352  13

 ,    $2000    
20 .     31%-    ,  -
      .       10%,  -
       .  
 $2000   ,     ,  
  $13 455 [$2000  1,120]  20 .  ,   
   ,    $9284 [$13 455  (1 - 0,31)]  
.

     IRA,    .  ,
,    $620 ($2000  0,31)   $2000.  -
 $1380 ($2000 - $620)    $9284 [$1.380  1,1]  20 .
 ,       ,   $6815 {$1380 +
+ [($9284 - $1380)  (1 - 0,31)]}   .

     ,  ,    -
   ,  IRA,    .  ,  
$1380   ,      6,9% [10%  (1  0,31)]
.  ,  20    $5241 [$1380  1,069]
  .

,         :

                 $9284

IRA                       $6815

           $5241

,     IRA   77  30%    
 ,    .      
 ,  ,      14,5% 
 ,        ,   10%-
 .      12%   ,
    ,  IRA.  ,   -
       :    -
         
10.

   

      ,    2050 .  
   . ( ,  -     
    .)   ,    $10 000, 
       ,  -
.    ,        -
       $10 000  
$1 . ,       ,  
 $10 000,   .  ,      
:    $2,5 . ,   , -  , -
   .      : 
 , ,  $100    .  
 ,    ,     
.  ,     , 
 .

     ,     (inflation).
      ,     ,  -
  ,   .