596                                                    19

),    8.    -
    440  (   ),  
      1980  1985 .,     
10 .

  -     -
         .
 ,   1%     ,   -
         1980  1985 .  -
  , :

1. -,       , -
 ,    ,   , 
    ,  ,   .

2. -,   ,    -
,  -,   .

3. -,    ,   -
        ,  -
-,   .
 ,    -,  -
   .    ,    -
   ,     
.

19.4

   

       
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    .  ,     
,    ,        ?

19.4.1    

     ,    
 , ,       -
 (SEC)       (FASB).   
     ,  
    (accounting earnings)  [ 
     (reported earnings)].   
        . 
 ,       (, 
).  ,      , 
            (earnings per
share, EPS).           -
   (return on equity, ROE).

        
      (,    )
 :        -
       
 (   ,        -
  ).       -
     /, "       t  D 