    fork()   , 
   .     -
    PID (    -
),   PPID ( PID  ,
    PID  ),  -
,       (  ), 
   .      
         .
  fork() ()     
,     .

  

    fork()    
    .   
  .    Linux  fork() -
       (copy-on-write)  .
    (copy-on-write, COW)   
   .    
        -
       .    
  ,        
,    ,      -
 . ,     ,  
   ,       
     (read-only).     -
      ,      
  .  ,       
, , ,     ()    fork (), 
     .   , 
   fork () ,      
     .   -
      ( 
     10 ),     -
          .
   ,      Unix
   .

 fork ()

   Linux  fork()   
 clone ().        
 , ,      ( 
)     .    "
   Linux"      . 
 fork () , vfork ()  _clone ()    clone () 
 .      clone () 
  do_fork ().

54  3