   
 

 "   " (lock contention,   contention)
   ,       
    .     -
 (highly contended)   ,      
.          ,   -
    ,    
.          
,   . ,  
 ,   "" ,    -
        
     .

 (scalability)    ,     -
.    ,    , -
   ,   , 
 .        
  ,    
.         -
   .   , , -
   .

   Linux    -
      ,   -
       2.0.   ,  
    Linux  ,  
         .   
2.2    ,       -
.   2.4       .
    2.6     ,  -
   .

 (, granularity)     
 ,   ,    
 .   ,      -
  (fine grained),       -
,    .     -
    ,      
,       ,     
 .      
   (cource graine),       
  ,       
 .                                              \

          
     (runqueue),  -
   4, "  ".    2.4  
       (,  

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