3.1.           183

,        .
         (Asynchronous Transfer
Mode),   ,      switched
(): switched Ethernet, switched Token Ring, switched FDDI, 
  ,     
 .        -
    ,       
   .

        -
    ,    
     .   -
    ,    .

       -
     (full-duplex).    -
      (half-duplex),     
       ,   -
,      .     
 ,        -
    Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI,   
  Fast Ethernet, lOOVG-AnyLAN, Gigabit Ethernet.

       
         .   
     /  -
,           -
   ,     .

         
,    .    ,
    ,  ,     
          
   (   ,   -
       ). , -
 Fast Ethernet       
  200 ,        
 .       -
         .  
       ,  -
     ,   
.

    ,   
 Ethernet  Token Ring      -
      5-10,        
     .  ,
   ,   Fast
Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet,      
 .       -
   , ,     -
.