3.3.  Ethernet (802.3)      193

3.3.  Ethernet (802.3)

Ethernet         
.   ,    Ethernet  
,   5 ,     
  Ethernet   50 .

  Ethernet,         
.     Ethernet    ,  
  Ethernet Network,   Xerox   -
  1975 .      :   
60-        
    ,    Aloha.  1980 -
  DEC, Intel  Xerox      Ethernet
 II  ,     ,   -
    Ethernet.    -
 Ethernet   Ethernet DIX  Ethernet II.

   Ethernet DIX    IEEE 802.3, -
      ,   
  .       IEEE 802.3   MAC
 LLC,   Ethernet       
.  Ethernet DIX    
(Ethernet Configuration Test Protocol),    IEEE 802.3. 
   ,       
  .   ,   Ethernet, -
  IEEE,   Ethernet DIX,   -
 802.3,      Ethernet  
.

       IEEE 802.3  
 - lOBase-5, lOBase-2, lOBase-T, lOBase-FL, lOBase-FB.

 1995     Fast Ethernet,     
 ,      ,    
      802.3   802.3.
,   1998   Gigabit Ethernet   
802.3z  .

         -
   Ethernet,   
10 /,   .

   Ethernet (   Fast Ethernet  Gigabit Ethernet)
           
CSMA/CD.

3.3.1.   CSMA/CD

  Ethernet       , -
        
 (carrier-sense-multiply-access with collision detection, CSMA/CD).