286     4          

4.3.1.   
 

 ,     

   ,   10-30 ,  -
         -
   .   ,   
     ,  ,   
   ,   
    100  1000 /   
   .

        
   :

   ,      ( -
 );

    -   
,        ,    -
          -
 ,    ,    ;

  ,     , -
  .

        , -
    ,        -
     ,  Gigabit Ethernet.   
,         -
 :    Ethernet  1024 , Token Ring  260 ,
a FDDI  500 .    ,   50-100 -
       ,  
      .

        
     ,   -
 ,    .      -
 ,        ( ,
, 10/N /   Ethernet  N ),  
  .        
,      .   -
       CSMA/CD  Ethernet,  
  ,   Token Ring  FDDI,    
       , -
           
   ,   .

 . 4.14         
 Ethernet, Token Ring  FDDI     , 
     . ,  
    ,    ,  