362     5         ___      __

    (   OSI)   
 IP (Internet Protocol).      -
     ,     -
 ,   ,    . 
 IP       ,  -
          -
  .    IP   ,
       ,    .

       ,  
    ,    
  RIP (Routing Internet Protocol)  OSPF (Open Shortest
Path First),       ICMP (Internet
Control Message Protocol).      -
       - .
    ICMP     -
,          -
,    ,    
  ,     . .

 

      ,    -
,           -
      ,     .   
        
    TCP/IP,   .

       TCP (Trans-
mission Control Protocol)     UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).  TCP      -
       .
      - 
-      . TCP
         
    ,    . TCP  
            -
.         
    ,  TCP   
   .

 UDP     
,        IP,  -
     ()   -
       
.

 

    ,   -
 .         
  TCP/IP       -