7.3.           625

     , , -
     .

   

      -
  .   Ethernet    :

-,    (    
 Link Test  10BASE-T).       -
,           -
.

  

         
  ,    . -
         .

 

         -
   (utilization),  ,    -
  .    
          ,  
  .

  

         -
 . ,   Ethernet   
 .

   (Short frames).  ,  ,  -
,    64 .       
     (short),     -
 ,   (runts),    
.       -
      .

   (Jabbers).  ,  ,  -
   1518       . -
     ,  
-   .

   ,      (Bad FCS) 
      .    -
        ,
  ,  ,    -
, ,   .   
    ,   
      .   -
        -
  .