    8.    113 

    8.       

             .  
          
-.         . 

    114 .  1.   

    . .  X   , . . - 
   ,       
  ; 
    Q (X)     Q -      
 X, . . Q = {xjX2 
    ;2+ .XjSX VieL.nJ; 
       ,      (  ); 
fik (X),   Qk,       
 k, . . ?2k = {xiXj ... : n ^ k, Xj e X);  , 
    Q = QO=>?21  Q2=>... 
    *: Q*X~-Q   ()    
, . . ^ ... * = XiXj ... , * =   . .; 
 *    Qk Vk. 
     ,     : 
            : IdM () = 
 Vx  , 
    N    , 
    Z+     , 
    Z    , 
    R+     ,  
    R    . 
     N, Z+  . .   ,    
     : +  . 

     .	._ 

    .  F:jQ)--Y  ,  (*)  
,  51 ()  , . .  
    3G: Y>X->Y:Vo>?=Q, = F ( * ) = G (F (<), ).	(1) 
          F  [=   
, F: Q -* Z+. , Vco  Q,  = X F ( * ) = 
F () + 1, . . 3<3: Z+  X -> Z+,   G(y, ) =  + 1,  (1). 
       .    F0  F 
   > = ,   Fn  F  
 w,, = XjXj ,..     : 
    co1=coo*Xi,         FI = F (cOi) = G (F0, x,), eo2 = >! * x2,        F2 = 
F (0)2) = G (Fb x2), 
    (2) 
    :n-l*xn'    Fa = F(wn)=G(Fn-l'xn). 
    ll' I ( 


    8.    115 

         ?2   
     X,   (2) 
   : 

    .      ' 
    F:=FO 
     Vx       
    . F := G (F, x) 
      
    (2') 

    ,      (2)   F, . 
.  ,  FI,        
   F  (2')    .    
  . 
         (2)  (2')   
 .        
F0,       , . . G.   
 (1)   . 
    .   X   Y  , 
     X  Y-*-Y, . .  G: Y*X->-Y. 
     G (, )       ,    
 *  X  . 
     ,      
:  F: Q->-Y  ,    : 
Y*X--Y ,   
    Q*X F*IdX     I 
    Y*X 
    a 
    i
    Y 
    , . . Vco e Q, x  X F (<o  x) = F ()  ..  
 ,  ,  F ,    
 fl-)-Y,    X. 
    .      - 
.   F ,   X  ()  
,   Y\F(Q)   . 
     ( ). F  - 
    Va, b  Q: F (a) = F (b), Vx  X  F (a * ) = F (b * ) 
    . . F     ,     F  
   b        
 *  *. 

    116 .  I.   

    . ,      (=4>),  
     .   (-*=). 
    X  F (2)     = =F(a* ),    
   F~J ().   ,      
   F~' (),  F(a) = F(b) , , F(a x) = F (b 
).    Y\F (Q)   X -,     = 
Vxs X. ,        ^ &,   X F (a  x) 
= F ()  .  
       ,  ,   F ,  
  :  (*)     
  ().         
 F(w),   ,  F  ,  ,    
 G,      -  ,    , 
 ,   F(w)  ,    F(o>*x), 
. . F   .      . 
    , ,  f =    
, f:Q(R)-Z+, f(A) =0.  f (*): 
    f  1,		 >     , 
    f ( * ) = <  f (),		 <    , 
    (, f(w)+l,		 =   . 
        f(co),     .  
,   ,  f  . ,   
f(co)  ,    f(to*x).      
,          f(w), . .  
    >,    f   
,   Q,   X,   =1,  = 2,  = 2 ,  f (a) =j := f(b)= 1, 
 f(a*x)= I, a f(b*x)=2, . . f (*)  f (b*x), ,   
 f   , 
     .  F: -> Y      :Y*X -> Y 
    X  Y.  s ^ Y  ,  
    Vx  X   sx = s. 
       F(co) -   , 
  FI ,    ,  F () *= FI. 
     (2')    
    : 
    .   F:=FO 

    8.    117 

     Vx     =(>   
       .  . F:-G(F,x) 
     

    .  
    X        ,   X, 
    Y = {, }, 
    F =     λ, F:  -> Y. 
          ( X  Y)  :    = , 
       = ,    =? ,	  = ,    . 
     ,  F(u>*x) = F(w)  , . . F ,     
Y  .  ,  F(co)   : 

    F := 
     Vx     .  F ^ 	* .  
    . F := (  ) 
      

     ,    ,   
 , ,, ,      
___, ^    ^  *,  
    '     (  
   1). ,      
  . 
      .     
   .  ,  , 
  F(co)  ,   111 1;((1>*). , 
, ,      ,   
  , '     .^. 
    .  F: fl-*-Y  ,   
f: fi -* YI,  
    ) F , 
    ) : Y->Yf ,  Vco e= Q     f (to) = n(F ()). 
    .   f =    
,  ,     

    118 .  1.   

          f(ffl*x)      
 .   : 
    F:Q->Z + *R, F(co) = (f (),max (to)), 
     max:  -* R  ^,^  - 
  , max (A)  do. 
    '  f(to), ()  ,    f(*x),  (>*), . . F 
 .  ,  VtoeQ,  F(<o),   f(w) 
   max ().  , F   
 f,  f   : 
    .   
     :=0; m :=   
     Vx        
    .     ,   < m =>    
    .     .    = =>:=+1 .   >=^:=1; :=   
      
     :=  
      .       f  
   . ,   
IdQ:?2->?2       f.   
 n = f, ..   f(co) no F(w)     
.  ,     . 
          , 
     .   ,   
          . 
    .  F; Q -> Y  F: Q -> Y     . ,  F 
^ F,  : Y -> Y ,  Vco   f ((o)jpp(F ()), . .  f () 
   F (). 
    .   F: Q->Y .f . 
,  
    ) FJQ) = Y, 
    )      F  f 
    F?*F~.        .    -'    :-. .   /'/.:^-,;        ;      . 
    .        . 
    .4'. :  '      '   i-MiM 
    I v-\ 
    Ufl 

    8.    119 

        .     F(: 2-Yi      Fa: S-Yz  
  f.  
    F,(Q)-Yi.     F2(")=Y2,      F, >F,.      F1>Fl.   FI ^ Fa  Fa ^ 
Ft,   pu  pai ,  
    V e U Fi (w)-p2i (Fi ())  F, (a)=pi2 (Fj (w)). 
    ,    pnoldy,.   ,  Yi.   F, (Q)=Ki,  
    ,  Ft (tt))=yi.   V*  Q FI ()) ( (F( 
())),  PIJ  P3i (yiJ^Yi.  , ,  pu  Pzi  Idy^  
,  pjj  pi2=Idy2, , , pi2  p2i  .  
    ,   . 
    .       . 
       ( 
 ),     . 
        f.   <BI * > 
  ()   s Q    
 mi sQ (      
     *).|  Si   *  
 :	' 
       <=*-   3 f ( * co)=f ( * ).	/ ^^ 
    1)      Q, 
    2)    => Vx sXa*xsbx, 
    3) a >b=*"f (a)=f (b). 
     - Y=2/s    ***  
 ?: 2-Y   Q  -. -- 2) 
    
    Va, beQ: F(a)='F(b)    yxeX    F(a  x)-F(b * ), 
    . .  F   . 
     3) ,  f      F * * 
,    : Y-*Yf  ()=1 (),  
-    . ,   
F u  ,  I    F. 
     ,   F    f  F(Q)Y. 
       F, . . ,    F: Q-^Y 
  t  : Y-Y ,  \/asQ F(a)-  F 
().   ()-   ,    ,   
 F(a)     . , 
 F (b)  F (a) (b s U).    F y<>> s 2 F (a  )= 
F(bo)),    F f.   f (  )=! ( * ), . .  * . 
 ,     b     F(a) ^ 
F(fa)    F(a)  ^  (. . F(a))  
.  
     (   ).  
 F: Q--Y  f: G--Y[      
,  
    1) F(Q)=Y,	. 
    2) Va, b s Q F ()  F (b) =*- a qb b,  *   , 
  (a sfr b -*=-  s Q f (a * co)=?^f (b * )). 

    120 .  1.   

    .  .  .  
   F(:Q->Y.   V$*$,   
p:Y-Y ,  v<oeQ F~(<o)=p  ().   F(Q)=Y, a F(Q)=Y,  p(Y)=Y, 
. .    .    ,  , 
 ,        Y=F(2). , 
     F(Q): 
    . ybe=F(Q),   ^,   ya = F(a),    yb=F(b).   F(ajT^F(b), , 
 2), "F(a)=^F(b), . . ( ^^- H 
       . ,   
    F:Q->Z + *R,      F () = (f (), max ()) 
          f =. =  
  ,   F(Q) == Z+*R. , 
  Q : F () = (0, )     . 
         , . .   
  F: Q->-Y = (0,)U N*R,      
  f.  ,   . 
    1) F (Q) = Y. , V (, )  N * R  = ... ( ) 
,  F (<) = (, ),  (0,  ) = F (). 
    2)  , befi  F(a) =5*= F(b). ,    .  F(a) = 
(na,Xa), F(b) = (, ).   == ,    ,  f(a)^ f(b) 
, ,  & .    = ,    '? ,    
  ,   < &.  f(a*xa)= na + I, f (*) = , . 
. f (*)  f (b*xa) , , ?6. 
       .    ,  
  f      F    
. ,   f =    
,    Q1,    
- F =(2, ),  S: Q - R     
(Z(A)=0), a n: ?2-vZ-f-   .  ,  
  f   Ql, a F   .     
 f =       
  ,   F = (f, max)     Q1, 
 f   Q. 
    ,       . 
,       
   tfcoo    : 

    8.    121 


     .   := 0  
    . .   
    . .    (:) 
    . := 1; :  
    .  Vx      
    . .    
    . .   .   < m =>    
    . .   .   = =-:=+ 1 
    . .   .   >  =-  := 1;  :=  
    . .   
    .   
    .  :=  
     	. 

        , ___..     Q 
,     Q1. ,    F  
 ?21,      ?3   G, . . 
    = =. (),   

Vx  X     F () = F ( * ) = G (F (), ) = Q (, ),    . . G (, ) = F (). 

       F     f,    
  : 

    ) = (()) = (). 

          . 
 max: Ql(R)--R     Q,     = 
  R ,  

    Vx  X    G ( , ) = max ( , ) =  = F (). 

       F, =    
 (F:Q1(R)->R, G(y, ) = *)    Q,  
   = 1  ft ,  

    Vx<=X    G(l,x) = l*x = x = F(x). 

    ,   F     (F: 
Ql(X)--X, G(y,x)=y)   Q ,       
 X,  

    Vx  X    G (, ) = F (),    . .     = . 

      ,        X,           
  X . 
    ,   yOeY  F: ?21(X)->Y  G: Y*X-*-Y   , 
     Y.  ,   
  R  R 

    122 . 1.   

                     . 
    .        
        . 
    ,       
     (,   
   S/n,  ?  ,      
    ).   ,    
        
( _ |S, n)).     
 , ,        
 ,  "     . 
         f(co*x)  ֮)  .    
,  ,  {()  ,     
f(o>*x).     ().  !T!"tGi"*x)   f(eo), 
 ()  ,      f ^   ,|1).  
    ' f2(co)   
f2(a>*x).  :  f2(co*x)      1(<), (>)  
f2(o>),   (f,fl,f2)    f.   
    f3  . .   ,   
    f.  ,    , 
       .     
 "         
  . 
           
 . ' 
      ,  .      
 ,  ,      X: 

            :  :    X, 
    : X : |        , 
    1  ,  ,    

        : 
    'S /  
    *& (^ 
    )     f ( * ) = I f ()> ~ * -     0' '	I nl         
 , 
     nl *= n 4- 1       (     
>)|.        f{co}: xOewr^1?' 

    8.    123 

    ^)^ 0.  i.(co*x)     
    _ f f (),      f () *? 0   =? , (<S*X)~ln+l,    f(co) = 
0 .-,  ,  f(co)      f(w*x) 
      .     F,   
   : 

    F = (f, n),    F : Q -> Z + * Z +,    n () =     . 

    ,  F    f.     
  ( ),     Q   . 
     . 
    , ,    f   * . 
       f   
,     : "   (: 
)   (:) : Z+ .         : :  
  X, 

    : X . : |        , 
    | ,  , .  
    .	.    
    .	 := 0;   :=  
    .	 Vx     
    .	.   =  
    .	.  
    .	.  .  1 
    .	.   =    :=     
    .	  
      

    . 
            :  :    R,    '  
    .  : |    
        ,        
   F = (S, n),  S: Q->R-r.   
,  : ->-Z+,  -.   
  :   (ex:P):R 
    .         ;  :    R, 
    t	P.  


    124	.  1.   . 


    ^: |    
    
    . .   
    .  := 0;  :=  
    .  Vx e     
    . .      :=  +  
    . .              :=          +1 
    .   
    .  := / 
      

          , 
  ,   .      
() , . . -15Sl!iJLtu)*?) ,2?ES3JU?iL  ,   
   
    f ( * ) = (S () + 5/( (>) + 1) =tf (>)   () + )/( () + 1) 
      f(cc)    (),  
    F = (f,n),         () =   , n:Q->Z+. 
     F      Q1.     .  
    ,  
    VxeR    x = f(x) = f (A*x) = (f () *  () + )/( () + 1) = 
    = ( * 0 + )/1 
     Vx eRx = yO*0 + x.     VyO e R. 
,   f ()  ,  .  
  : 

    '  {ex:P):R .        :  : 
   R, 
    .  . : |    
    , .   
    . f :=0; :=0 
    .  Vx      
    . .    f :=(f*n + x)/(n+l) 
    . .    n:=n+l 
    .   
    .  :=f 
      

    .                =| 
    = Xix2 ...     (2 (xi ~" m)2)/n>   
.     -= 
    8      125 
          : 
    fvo = 
    t^i^f, _  (?-2! + 2) 
    E^-rn Zxi-mZ(xi~ 
    I 
    . *|- Z xi _  ? 
    (f.,)' 
     s2 = Z x?. sl = Z xi'  s = Z ^ = -   *   f () = = s2/sO (sl/sO)2. 
    ,      s2, sl, sO , , , F = 
(s2, sl,sO)      f: 

    -.:.    
      ( : ): R 
    .         :  :    R, 
    .  . : |    
    . .   
    . s2:=0     |       
    . sl := 0     | 	    
    . sO:=0     | 	    
    .  Vx              ^ 
    . .    s2:= s2 + x* * 2 
    . .    sl := sl -f  
    . .    sO:=sO+ 1 
    .   
    .  := s2/sO  (sl/sO) ** 2 
      

          .()   --        
 f(w*x)  1()-      *	 f (  ) ~ -^- 
(f ())+ (~  )'.     ^^^), 
      m  ,  an      . 
     F  ( ),      Q1. 
    Q; ,   ,    Q 
  (, ). 
    (^ 
     
     -1 


    126 . 1.   

    ,    f; 
    Y(x-x) f(x) = .?=!_=-0    VxeR. 
      , 
    */      \      - ()      /"./  ,   ( "())2\      0 ......    ,.   
    
    f(i*x)-n(A)+llf(A) +    () + 1    J-T(*W + ')-a 
     , VyO e R f (x) = G(yO,x^        Z   
,   f () = ,   { : ): R 

    .         :  :    R, 
    .  . : |    
    . .   
    . f- := 0     |     
    . :=0     (    
    .  := 0     |      
    .  Vx      
    . .    f  := /( + 1) *.(f + ( - m) ** 2/( + 1)) 
    ..    m := (m*n + x)/(n+ 1) 
    . .    n :=n+l 
    .   
    ,  := f 
     	 

      . 

           :    :     : | 
    4  "abed"   
      () : 1().= 0, 
    , ,        . _ ( f () + 1,     = ""     "abc", 
    I ( ^ X) *~  1     /    \ 
    If ()	  . 

        1(<)    H(CD)=G>  ua "abc". 
 ,   f(w*x)    ().   
 Fl= (f,fl).  ,      : 
,   f(u>),  .(),      f(co*x), 
 *    (*): 
    ,. ,        ). = J '     ==""     "ab", '     \    
  . 
     ,   fl(co*x)   f2(co)=    
".",  2_== {f, fl,f2).    

    8.    127 

       :       
  f2(co*x): 

    f2 ( * ) = J ' (.  
      = ""     "",      . 
     f3(co)=to   ""   F3 i=(f, fl, 
f2,13).  ,  F3  : 
    f3 ( * ) 
    _ f ,,     \     
     . 

     F3    f,    . 
 ,.^,,,  ^^-^ / .. 
    " ,   F3  ,   fl, f2  f3  
: ,  fl(w)= ,   f2(co) = ,=   f3(co) = 
.   (fl,f2, f3)    .   
       0  3: 
    3,	    "abc", 
    2,	    "ab"", 
    1,	    "", 
    	  . 
    (): 
     F = (f, n): Q-*Z+{0 .. 3}  ,  ,  
   f  { )^   
 abed  (: ): 2 + 

    .         :    :     
    . : |        4   "abed"    
    -. .   . f := 0 |    
    . :=0 (      .  Vx  
    , .      
    ..     .     = 3  x = "d"=s-n:=0; f := f + 1 ..     .     = 2  x 
= V=*-n:=3 ..     .   n= 1  x = "b"=*-n:=2 .  	 = "" =* n := 1 . .   
  .                          >:=  . .       .   . 
 := f   


    128 .  I.   


           . 

       tO,  ,      
   ,     
   tO.       =  
... aja^o,      ,  0  .  
,  ,    
     
    f(co) = antOn+ ... + aX+V+aO-  : 
    f ( * ) = antOn+1+ .. - + a2t03+ a,t02+ afltO + x = f () * tO + x. 
         ,  f(), x     
  tO, . .  f -.    
= f () = f (*) = f (A)*tO +  ,  f(A)*tO = 0, . . f(A) = 0. 
       (: )   (ex:tO):R .         :    
 :    R, tO : R . : |    
10 ,   -|            
    . .   
    . f:=0 
    .  Vx <=     
    , .    f:=f*tO + x 
    .   
    .  := f 
      

     ,    ,   , 
       .	
     ,    .    
      ,    
  ().      ,(*),    
  ,   f (*)  t   
  10: 

    f' ( * ) = (f () * tO + )' = f' () * to + f (to). 

         ()   tO    f(co). 
 F = (f, f).   ,      Q, 
 .().= 0:    {: )   (: tO): 
R ,        1    1    R, tO:R 

    8.    129 

: |    tO  , |  
    |    
    
    . .   
    . df:=0 
    . f :=0 
    .  Vx      
    . .     df :=df * tO + f 
    . .    f :=f*tO + x 
    .   
    .  := df 
     	

     , -,      
   . 
      .  ={(,), t, +}    
.     X   
  ,  t, '(t), t + t, ((t + t)+t). 
 ,      : 

    f () =>    , f: 1 (X) -> {, ). 

            .   
  F=(fl,f2, f3) . f,  
    fl =       , : Q->- {, }, 
    2 =         ,  f2:  Q--Z, 
    f3 =   , [3: Q1 ->-X. 
     F    Q,  ()--* '= (, 0, "+"). 
     
    f(co) = -*=*-? () ='(,0,"1")      F () = (, 0,:')"). 
     ,     4"  
  .     :.     

    Vco  Ql     f (<) = f ("t + " * ). 

          = ,  f(A)=-r= f("t+") = . 
      ( : )  : / 
    . 	: :     
    .	|    "(", ")", "t", "+" 
     : 

    5    . , , . .  
    130 . I.   


    . .   
    ,   :=  
    . 	:=  
    .   := "-)-" 
    .  Vx     
    . .        
    . .      
    . .       
    . .      .     = " ("=>- .  1 
    . .       . '  = ")" =>-.  I 
    . .        
    . .        :=  >= 0  
    . .	 ( ,)  
    . .       :=  
    .   
    ..  :=     = 0  
    (  = ")'"    = "t")   
      (: .! ,2: ) : / .         
: . : 
    .    :=(xl="("  ?2="("  x2="t"))  (xl="+"  (2="("  
x2="t"))  (xl="t"  (2=")"  2="+"))  (1=")"  (2=")"  2="+")) 
      

     1.     .  * , 
     F,    X, 
      X   F   = [2 ...  
  

    F(w)=XiX2    ,.,     ,, 

        .  Q1  F  
 F () =  Vx  X. F    Q,  F(A)= ,   
 ,  Vx  X  = , . .  ,     
    .  s  X   
    ,  Vx  X s    = s. 
    , ,       
 +,  ⻗ *,   = 
  max. 

    8.    131 

     2.    ,   
 ,   ,   . 
,        
 :        
,         
 ,   .     
     .  
 ()      
     ,   . .    
       .    
   """"   
 , . . ,   ^ 
        .  
   ,   .  
,      . 
        -" , 
. . "  ,     . 
     ,       
 :    f    
     f  ;  
     . 
     3.    .    
       ,   
    , ,   . . , 
   tO  ,     
     ,   : 
       ( : v)   (:10):  .         
:   v :     R, 
    10 :R 
    . : |    tO  , |  
   v |    
    . df:=0 . f :=0 .  VI 
    5* 
    : t...   


    132 . I.   

    . .     df := df * tO + f . .     f   :=  f*tO + v(i) .   . 
 := df   
             ,  
    . , ,    
      ,   
     .      
           
 :    (: v)   (: tO) : R . 
        :   v :     R, 
    10: R . : |    tO  , 
    |     v .	[   
    .   df:=0	,-' 
    f:=o	;;>.;..',' 
    '.    Vi 1..v.    
    .    .     df := df * tO + f 
    .    .    f:=f*tO + v(i) 
    .   
    .  := df	
      

     4.      -' . 
        
. , ,        . 
4.             
,         
/       ,   
 .      , 
    ; 

    f f () + li         
    f ( * ) = <	, 
    (. f ()	  . 

               
 .      ,  

    8      133 

     ==      =. .  F = (f,  
 ) 
       f,     
     : 
         
    .         : [       
    .	|   
    . : |    ,     
    |   . : 
     : / 

              . 
 F     ,    
   !     
,       F, . . 
     : 

    .     
    .  .   
    . .     .  	; 
    .   
    .   := .  

       F   , *   
       : 

    .   .   
    . .     .     | . .     
    . .      .       
    . .     .    .   
    . .       
    . .       := .  
    .   
      

    ,      . 4    
.  :          
           
   !   , ,   . 4   
        
< ,         - 

    134 . 1,   

          
,     ,   ,   
           ,  
        .  ,   
       ,    . 
      ,  F(w) = (f(w), f1 (  w))   
   ,    f1    
,    , . .     
 :   - ,     
          f, 

         

         ,    
.  ,     .   
  G,         G  
.   < : ,  :  ), ,    
      X.   ,  
   ,  X       
 . 
    1.   , f: fil-^X. 
    2.  w  0, f: Q -> {, }. 
    3.  ,   Q(x), f: ?2 -> 2+\ 
    4.  , f: Ql(R)-*-R. 
    5.  , f: Q(R+)--R+. 
    6.  , f: Ql(R+)->-R+. 
    7.          ,   f:  .Ql (R)-> R*R. 
    8.   , f: Q3(R)-*- M e R3, M =i *= {(xl,x2,x3): xl sS 
2 < }. 
    9.  , f: Q(R)--R. 
    10.  , f: Q(R)-^R. 
      1114 SA      
 . 
    11.  , f: Q(SA)--SA,  . 
    12.  , f: Q(SA)->-SA, A  . 
    13.  , f: Q(SA)->SA, A= {0,1}. 
    14.  , f: Q(SA)->SA, A= {0,1}. 
    15.      ,  f:  ?21(N)->-N. 
    16.  ,     ^ I: {{0, 1})-*Z+. 

    8.   . 135 

    17.     , f: ()-> (,,)-. 
    18.   , f: Q(X)->-Z+. 
    19.     ,  - Q(xl,x2), f: Q(X)->Z+. 
    20.   ,  , f: 0(X)->Z+', .{)=0. 
    21.      2 ... pit,  pi 
, f: Q(X)->Z+. 
    22.   , f: Q(R)->Z+. (  
  ,      ,   
.    , ,   
 ), 
    23.  , f: Q(R)-> {,"}, [. (A)==j = . 
    24.   ,   , f: n(R)-*Z+, 
f(A)= 0. 
    25.      -   , 
{: Q(R)-- R, f () == 0. 
    26.         
 tO, f: Q(R) ->- R, f () = 0. 
    27.  k-fl       
  tO, f: fi(R)-> R, f(A) = 0. 
    28.     , f: Q1(R)->R+. 
    29.      f: Q1(R)->R+. 
    30.      , f: Q(S)->R-f-. 
    31.   , f: Q(S)--R+ ( 
iiaauiiatTcii    ,   ). 
    32.     ,    
   , f: fi(X)-*-r*-Z+, X = {, 1, 2, 3, 
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. 
    33.  ,     
R2, f: Q(R2)->-Z+. 
    34.      , 
f: ?3(R)-*-R. 
    35.    ,    
, f; Q|R)-*-Z+, 