diff:   

 diff ("difference"  )       -
  .           
    ,      .

 diff   - (  , . . 5.8) 
  ,   ,      -
   (+),      (-).  . 5.8 ,  -
   colors. 1,     colors. 2.

$ diff -u colors.1 colors.2

- colors.1    Fri Nov 21 15:45:32 2003
+++ colors.2    Fri Nov 21 15:24:46 2003
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@


+




-

-


. 5.8.  diff     

 diff -u         (hunk). 
  ,      @ (@@).
          
   .  . 5.8   ,     
colors. 1 ( )         (
 ). , +1, 5 ,      colors. 2 
     .

     diff -u    , 
  ,   .     ,  -
    ,  .     -
,      ,  . ,  
  ,  ,          .
    man-  diff.

file:   

   file       -
  Linux      .    -
 file ,   letter e.gz  ,   gzip (.
 "gzip:  "    ):

$ file letter_e.gz

letter_e.gz: gzip compressed data, was "letter_e", from Unix
(  Unix,  gzip,  "letter e")

     man-  file.
 5.  Linux                                                      163