     ,    . 
      ,   ,  
 .        
 ,  ,     .

    

   ()      
 ,  ,     .   -
       .   -
    .    -
,     "":

$ cat orange

 

$ cat pear  orange

$ cat orange

 
 

    orange.     orange  (
, )   pear.   cat  .

 . 7.11 ,   ,     ( -
  date),     ,   
(   who).    . 7.11  
  date   whoson.       cat. -
    whoson     who. , , -
 cat  ,     .

^^^L    He   noclobber.     ,  
^^^    ,      

^ȗ   ""        ,   noclobber -
^^      ,     orange      noclobber -
          
  noclobber     ,
          mv
    -i ("interactive"  ),    -
 ,         
 "   "   5

$ date >whoson
$ cat whoson

Thu Mar 27 14:31:18 PST 2003
$ who whoson
$ cat whoson

Thu Mar 27 14:31:18 PST 2003

root       console      Mar 27 05:00 (:0)

alex       pts/4        Mar 27 12:23(:0.0)

alex       pts/5        Mar 27 12:33(:0.0)

jenny      pts/7        Mar 26 08:45 (bravo.tcorp.com)

. 7.11.    

232                                               II.   Red Hat Linux