        :

   .     -
  echo.

IFS:   

 IFS    . .  " 
"    .

CDPATH:     cd

 CDPATH       cd 
(      . .)  ,   
  ,      .    
 ,     ,     -
   ,     cd     -
  .

  CDPATH  cdpath  ,    cd  
    ,   cd     
  ,   .     , cd
   .   CDPATH  cdpath , 
cd           
CDPATH.  cd   ,     .  -
  CDPATH  cdpath    cd   
,         , -
   CDPATH  cdpath.

  CDPATH  cdpath    , -
  (   PATH),     
.bash_profile  .profile        -
 :

export CDPATH=$HOME:$HOME/literature

    cd   , 
literature,    .       
CDPATH  cdpath,  cd        -
   CDPATH  cdpath.  ,   cd  -
     (  ,      
root  .   "PATH  "),      CDPATH
  ,    (::):

export CDPATH::$HOME:$HOME/literature

    cd       
   (/)      CDPATH  cdpath.

314  III.   Red Hat Linux