        , 
     chmod (.  "chmod:  
"  6).    ,   .   -
  ,       ,
 ,    ,   .  
 ,   ,       -
  7.      ,  
  (    chmod).    
,       .
         ,  -
    ;  ,   
  .   ,    , ,
touch,  ,     ,   
,  6.    mkdir,  ,   
   (     ).
          -
          .  
  022  777    644 (rw-r--r--)   
755 (rwxr-xr-x)  .

$ umask 022

$ umask

0022

$ touch afile

$ mkdir adirectory

$ Is -Id afile adirectory

drwxr-xr-x 2 sam sam 4096 May 2 23:57 adirectory

-rw-r--r-- 1 sam sam    0 May 2 23:57 afile

           -
 .

$ umask g=rx,o=rx

$ umask

0022

uname.    .    uname  ,
     (Linux).  uname   -a ("all" 
)      ,  ,   
       :

# uname -a

Linux pb 2.6.3-2.1.253.2.1 #1 Fri Mar 12 14:01:55 EST 2004 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux

 

    ,     -
  :    ,  
  ,   portmap, rpcinfo, xinetd,  TCP
(hosts, allow  hosts, deny)      chroot. 
     14  18-26.    -
   17.

 11.  :                     421