 -.   - Ethernet- (NIC)  -
   ifconfig. -    -
   ,  ,   
 HWaddr:

$ /sbin/ifconfig | grep -i hwaddr

ethO      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr BA:DF:00:DF:CO:FF
ethi      Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:02:B3:41:35:98

 ifconfig   ,    IP-. 
 -   ,   IP-, 
  DHCP   IP-   . 
        /etc/dhcpd.conf   -
 host.   host   192.168.1.1   -
 BA:DF:00:DF:CO:FF:

$ cat /etc/dhcpd.conf

host router {

hardware ethernet BA:DF:00:DF:CO:FF;

fixed-address 192.168.1.1;

option host-name router;

}

,    host,    
dhcpd,  ,   option host-name,     
      .
    dhcpd. conf  dhcpd   
service    dhcpd (. ).

nsswitch.conf:  
 

  NIS  DNS      
   .       
   /etc/passwd        
/etc/hosts,         
.  /etc/nsswitch.conf ("name service switch configuration"  
  )  ,   ,  
      .    -
,        .

.     nsswitch.conf     -
, ,  .    nsswitch.conf :

:  [[]] [ [[]] ...]

    ,    (-
 ),   ,     (. ), 
        .
    .

 11.  :                     435