  password    :     -
  ,       ,   -
    , ,  ,      
.    ,         , 
  .    password     ,  -
  ,        , 
  .  password     -
 (     ).

        ;   -
      .

   none  .    
   .        
    ([]),  ,   
    .      
   =.    -
     ,    . -
  .      
(/usr/share/doc/pam-*/txts/pam.txt).

  

 UNIX- ,     su 
   wheel.     Red Hat Linux  -
  ,       
  /etc/pam.d/su:

$ cat /etc/pam.d/su

-1.0

auth       sufficient   /lib/security/$ISA/pam_rootok.so

# Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group.

(  ,    

   "uheel")

fauth       sufficient   /lib/security/$ISA/pam_wheel.so trust use_uid
t Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group.

(  ,    

  "wheel")

tauth       required    /lib/security/$ISA/pam_wheel.so use_uid
auth       required    /lib/security/$ISA/pam stack.so service=system-auth
account    required    /lib/security/$ISA/pam stack.so service=system-auth
password   required    /lib/security/$ISA/pam stack.so service=system-auth
session    required    /lib/security/$ISA/pam_stack.so service=system-auth
session    optional    /lib/security/$ISA/pam selinux.so multiple
session    optional    /lib/security/$ISA/pam xauth.so

      su    , -
      wheel   su  -
  (sufficient)      su 
-  wheel (required).     ,
 ,       .

 11.  :   443