/etc/dumpdates.       dump. 
         
   .  dump   ,  -
,         -
    .     
"  "  16  man-  dump.  -
   /etc/dumpdates       
   ,    :

/dev/hdal               5 Thu Apr 23 03 53 55 2004
/dev/hdaS               2 Sun Apr 19 08 25 24 2004
/dev/hda9               2 Sun Apr 19 08 57 32 2004
/dev/hdalO              2 Sun Apr 19 08 58 06 2004
/dev/hdal               2 Sun Apr 19 09 02 27 2004
/dev/hdal               0 Sun Mar 22 22 08 35 2004
/dev/hda8               O Sun Mar 22 22 33 40 2004
/dev/hda9               0 Sun Mar 22 22 35 22 2004
/dev/hdalO              0 Sun Mar 22 22 43 45 2004

        ,  -
    ,      .

/etc/fstab.  ()  .    -
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    ,    . .  "fstab: 
 "    .

/etc/group.       
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       ,   
 .  /etc/group     
    ( ).
    /etc/group      :

_::10_:__

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    . __ 
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RETURN,      .    
   group   pubs,   ,   -
   503:

pubs:x:503:alex,jenny,scott,hls,barbara

      ,    -
   /etc/passwd.   Red Hat Linux   :

       ,  
 .  ,      -

 12. ,                                     449