,    ,   __    
/etc/group.         , 
  ,       /etc/group.    
,    ,   ,  
  ,     .   ,   -
       .     -
 ,    ,      ,  
      .
         ,   , 
  ,     .    -
 ,    ,     
.         "system-config-users:

   "  16.

/etc/hosts.  /etc/ hosts  , IP-    
 ,   .  ,    
   IP-,      ,  
   localhost.       -
 (loopback service),        (-
,   RPC). IP-      127.0.0.1. 
   /etc/hosts:

$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1     localhost

192.168.0.1   gateway

192.168.0.2   mp3server

192.168.0.3   workstation

192.168.0.4   windowsbox

    NIS  DNS     (
 ),   /etc/hosts    ,    -
     .    -
     hosts   /etc/nsswitch.conf (. 
"nsswitch.conf:    "  11).

/etc/inittab.  .    init. 
  inittab   ,  :

:_::

     inittab. _1
   () ,    .
_         012345 6S.
     ,    -
     .     , init
    .     
,      inittab,    
 ,   SIGTERM,    -
 .   5      ,  -
  SIGKJLL.      bash.

450  IV.  