   bash    ( 17924)   sleep. -
         , -
  PID (cd //17924).      -
 .         sleep. 
Is -1 ,         (cwd
    ,     ,    
  ,   ),     
.    .    cat     -
 (, status)    . ,    .

/Shin/shutdown. ,   (.  " "
 11).

swap.    (swap)   ,     
     .    -
  .     (RAM)  -
    RAM     .    -
          Linux.
        RAM. -
    (paging) (. ).    -
          .
 ,     , 
      .  
          
mkswap       swapon.    
   ,     .
          
df ,         .  -
       dd  /dev/zero (.
)       (   ,  
       ,    ). -
       mkswap  , -
  ,    .     
   ,         ,  -
 root.   swapon      
 ,     swapon -s,   
 .         :

# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=65536

65536+0 records in
65536+0 records out

# mkswap swapfile

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 67104768 bytes

# chmod 600 swapfile

# swapon swapfile

# swapon -s

Filename                  Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/hdal2                partition       265032 38216   -1
/var/swapfile             file            65528   0       -2

 12. ,                                     457