2.     , ,    . 
        .

3.   ,      (,  , 
EXTRA VERSION, .  " EXTRA VERSION"  15)    
 /boot  / ().       
lilo.conf  grub.conf. He   lilo,    
lilo.conf ( RHEL).   ,    
,       .   -
        ,   -
    (rpm, yum, Apt  ).

 
   rpm-

  ,     rpm, 
    ,  ( )  . -
   (      -
 Red Hat Linux)       .

 /opt  /usr/local

        -
       /opt,     
/opt   ,   ,      
/opt/bin  /opt/naKer/bin.     Red Hat  ,
    Sun Solaris.

        . -
    Linux    ,
      ;   -
        
   .     
 /usr/local     (/usr/local/bin),  -
 (/usr/local/man)   .       -
         
,       -
   (, /usr/bin).   
       
   ,     .

    GNU

    GNU (GNU Configure and Build System) 
 ,      (.  autoconf  -
 developer.gnome.org/tools/build.html).      -
 ,  ,  make   gcc (the GNU  compiler
GNU-  ).       root  .

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