        .

 ,         
 ( ),      .

 ,       CAPS LOCK.

 ,        -
     /etc/passwd. ,   
          
  (       ).   -
 ,    ,  
/etc/passwd (      ,    
).

   ,      .

     (.profile, . login, .bashrc   ).
           
,      .

           -
      (    ).
,        .

       , ,  
      .   , , 
    .     -
 , ,  ;      -
    (    -
).

   /etc/inittab  ,     
  (    getty, , mingetty).

   /var/log/messages.      
 ,       .
        . -
   .      , 
   /var/log/messages (,   ), -
  .

        ,  
"system-config-services:   II"  11  , 
,     (, telnet 
ssh),.

        df.   -
   /tmp      -
   .      
   ,    .  , -
   ,         -
     ,     -
  .

558  IV.  