/etc/group           

/etc/gshadow        

/etc/hosts               IP-

/etc/netgrp           

/etc/passwd         

/etc/printcap       

/etc/rpc              RPC-

/etc/services          

/etc/shadow          

,  NIS,     . NIS
       
   NIS.

 NIS.   NIS   ,   -
 ,        dbm (. -
),   ().    
  ();  ()     
 .     , -
   . ,  /etc/passwd   -
,     ,     DID. 
  passwd. byname  passwd.byuid.

 

 NIS    .  getpwnamO 
getpwuidO       UID   /etc/passwd 
  NIS.    NIS      NIS  
,    ,   .

 .   NIS    
 ///__   ,  __1  
 NIS:

$ Is /var/yp/mgs

group.bygid   mail.aliases   protocols.byname    services.byname
group.byname netid.byname   protocols.bynumber services.byservicename
hosts.byaddr passwd.byname rpc.byname          ypservers
hosts.byname passwd.byuid   rpc.bynumber

 .      NIS  -
   .   
   /var/yp/nicknames.   nicknames  
     ypcat -x:

$ cat /var/yp/nicknames
passwd         passwd.byname
group           group.byname
networks        networks.byaddr
hosts           hosts.byname
protocols       protocols.bynumber
services        services.byname
aliases         mail.aliases
ethers          ethers.byname

 21. NIS:                                    659