                                  

         ++    
 .        .
      ++  ,   
,     ,  , 
  ,    ,     
   ,  ,   
-  ,    
 .         
++  , ,  , ,    Standard
Template Library (STL).        string,
   , ,  vector, list, map, set, 
   ,       
.      ,   , 
        ++.  ,
 ,  ++  ,      C++ 
  .
              ++,  
.  ,      ,  
 -   :  (Stan) ,   (Jose)
.       ++   :
        C++   
    Walt Disney Feature Animation,     
   ++,        
        ++  IBM Canada
Laboratory.
      ++  1984 .       ,
  Bell Laboratories     (Bjarne Stroustrup),
 .      cfront,   ,
  1.1  1986    3.0,        2.1 
3.0.         , 
       C++.
      ,    ++  IBM Canada Laboratory 
  .  1990        . 
   -         
 .
     C++    ,    
   ,         .

                                     

   C++         ++.
        ,  
      ++;    
    .   , 
 ,  , -   ..,
       .  , 

                                                                  ++   13

       -
 ,   ,   
    .   ,    
   .        
:  ,       
 .         
 ,    . (     .)
        ,     - 
     .   ,  
    ++,      !  
     ,     
.      , ,   
,         , 
    .
     ++   ,      
 .      ++,
      .     
    .    
 ,     ,    ,  , 
  .       , 
,      ,        
   .  ,     
,           .
         
++.    ,     ++,    
  .
    1  2       ++   .  
            ,
     .
              
 ++,        ,    
  .  :       
  !
     1    :   , ,
,   .      
++,   ,     /. 
     ,   ++ ,  
  .  2     ,   
     -
.        
 .  ,     , 
,         
    (generic) .     
 ,        . 
           
.

                                                                   ++   14

     ++    , 
  ,         ,  
.          .
 II ( 3-6)      .
     3     ,   ,  
 string, complex  vector    ++.   
 ,     .   4  
   , , .  , 
    ++ ,    5.
      6.   
   ,     
   .
    7-12 ( III)  -  
++.   7   .    ,
  , , , print(). (   
  ,      .)  ,    
  ,    8.    
  9:     ,        
 ,  ,  -  .
,      print()    
.   10        
.       
   ,    .
   ++   .   ,   
  , , ,    .  
 ,   ,  ,    
    . -    
  ,   -   .  
    .   11      
,       . 
        
,         19,    ,  
- .
     12      
          6,    
 .        
  . ,    6, 
    12,       
    .      
  -. -   
 ,    ,  , 
     .      
    .
    13-16 ( IV)   ,   
      .    ,
   ,  ++  

                                                                 ++   15

          .
          
 ,        
  .     
   .
     13        : 
 ,     (   
 ),       .  
   ,       
.
     14   ,   ++   
       .    
 -,  ,  
  .     
  ,       ,
     .
     15       .  
      ,    
  , ,  ,   , 
,    new  delete,   .
       ,    , 
,   .     
 ,       .  ,
     ,  
 .
        16.      
  ,        
   . ,    vector   
.          
  ,     .   
,      ,  
   :  , ,
.   16  ,    ,  
 ,     ,    
 (-,     )   
 ,     .  
    .
   -  ()     ++ 
 17-20 ( IV).   17     
     .    ,  
 ,   / ( /). 
     , - 
   -.  - ()    
,     . ,    
 Employee ()    : TemporaryEmpl ( ) 
Manager (),     Employee.   

                                                              ++   16

     .   ,
,        .
,  Employee       ,    
TemporaryEmpl  Manager.       
  ,          
.  ++       .
   ,   17    .        6
          
 Query.
     18        
.     16     
      .
     19        (RTTI  run time
type identification). RTTI       
      . ,     
Employee,        Manager.  , 
 19         
 ,       
  .        
     .
     20     / iostream.
         , , 
       ,     
 ,   .  /  
      .
     ,       
,    .
            ,
    ,    .  
    ,   ,    
 ,         .
         .
     C++  ,    Inside the C++ Object
Model [LIPPMAN96a],      .    C++ 
,       , 
    .
       ++    
,        .
  ++  ,        
.         ,  
  ([MUSSER96]  [STRUOSTRUP97u]).    
 ,      ++.

                                       

          :

                                                                    ++   17

   ,   :  ,  
     ,  ,   bool,  
    ;

   ,    ++,     complex, string,
   auto_ptr, pair,     (   list, vector,
   map  set)   ;

      ,  ,   , 
     ++      .  
          , 
   .        
         ,  
    ,        . 
       ,    
      (  clone()    17.5.7).
            
   -    (  ,    
      ,       !);

             
    .  ,         
   ++          .
           ,  
         , ,       
    .

                                         ++

          ++ ISO/ANSI 
       ++. 
     (ISO)  1998 .
    ++,  ,     
.  ,       ++ 
  .      ,
   ++      
.  ,     ++     .
            ,    
.         
  .        
++.         ,
       .
          ,  . , 
        ++.  ,
   ,  ++     .

                                      

    ,  ,       ,
   ,    ,       . 

                                                                    ++   18

     ++     
 ( )        ++.
             
:   (Paul Abrahams),   (Michael Ball),  
(Stephen Edwards),   (Cay Horstmann),   (Brian Kernighan), 
 (Tom Lyons),   (Robert Murray),   (Ed Scheibel),  
(Roy Turner),   (Jon Wada).       
   .     (Clovis Tondo)  
 (Bruce Leung)   .
        -  (Shyh-Chyuan Huang) 
  (Jinko Gotoh)         - (Firebird),
  , , .
       (Gabby Silbermarr),   (Karen Bennet), 
     (Centre for Advanced Studies)  
   .        
  .
             
  :   (Debbie Lafferty),   
      ,   (Mike Hendrickson) 
  (John Fuller).  Big Purple Company   
  .    6.1    (Elena Driskill).
     .

                                    

            , 
.        (Barbara Moo). 
, ,      
.         
   ,    ,     (Stephen
Dewhurst),        ++,    (Nancy
Wilkinson)      cfront.
     (Dag Bruck),   (Martin Carroll),   (William Hopkins),
  (Brian Kernighan),   (Andrew Koenig),   (Alexis
Layton)    (Barbara Moo)     . 
    .   (Andy Baily),   (Phil
Brown),   (James Coplien),   (Elizabeth Flanagan), 
 (David Jordan),   (Don Kretsch),   (Craig Rubin), 
 (Jonathan Shopiro),   (Judy Ward),   (Nancy Wilkinson) 
  (Clay Wilson)       
 .   (David Prosser)   ,
 ANSI C.
     (Jerry Schwarz),   iostream,   
,       ( 20   ). 
      .    
 ,    3.0:   (Laura Eaves),  
(George Logothetis),   (Judy Ward)    (Nancy Wilkinson).

                                                                         ++   19

     (James Adcock),   (Steven Bellovin),   (Jon Forrest),
  (Maurice Herlihy),   (Norman Kerth),   (Darrell Long),
  (Victor Milenkovic)    (Justin Smith)  
  Addison-Wesley.
     (David Beckedorff),   (Dag Bruck),   (John Eldridge),
  (Jim Humelsine),   (Dave Jordan),   (Ami
Kleinman),   (Andrew Koenig),  ' (Tim O'Konski),  
(Clovis Tondo)    (Steve Vinoski)      .
         (Brian Kernighan)   
(Andrew Koenig)       .

                                      

            , 
    ++,    .

[BOOCH94] Booch, Grady, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Benjamin/Cummings. Redwood
City, CA (1994) ISBN 0-8053-5340-2.

[GAMMA95] Gamma, Erich, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides, Design Patterns,
Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, MA (1995) ISBN 0-201-63361-2.

[GHEZZI97] Ghezzi, Carlo, and Mehdi Jazayeri, Programming Language Concepts, 3rd Edition,
John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY (1997) ISBN 0-471-10426-4.

[HARBISON88] Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele, Jr., C: A Reference Manual, 3rd Edition,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1988) ISBN 0-13-110933-2.

[ISO-C++97] Draft Proposed International Standard for Information Systems  Programming
Language C++  Final Draft (FDIS) 14882.

[KERNIGHAN88] Kernighan, Brian W.I. and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language,
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1988) ISBN 0-13-110362-8.

[KOENIG97] Koenig, Andrew, and Barbara Moo, Ruminations on C++, Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc., Reading, MA (1997) ISBN 0-201-42339-1.

[LIPPMAN91] Lippman, Stanley, C++ Primer, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.,
Reading, MA (1991) ISBN 0-201-54848-8.

[LIPPMAN96a] Lippman, Stanley, Inside the C++ Object Model, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.,
Reading, MA (1996) ISBN 0-201-83454-5.

[LIPPMAN96b] Lippman, Stanley, Editor, C++ Gems, a SIGS Books imprint, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, England (1996) ISBN 0-13570581-9.

[MEYERS98] Movers, Scott, Effective C++, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading,
MA (1998) ISBN 0-201-92488-9.

[MEYERS96] Meyers, Scott, More Effective C++, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, MA
(1996) ISBN 0-201-63371-X.

[MURRAY93] Murray Robert B., C++ Strategies and Tactics, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.,
Reading, MA (1993) ISBN 0-201-56382-7.

                                                                    ++   20

[MUSSER96] Musser, David R., and Atui Saint, STL Tutorial and Reference Guide, Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, MA (1996) ISBN 0-201-63398-1.

[NACKMAN94] Barton, John J., and Lee R. Nackman, Scientific and Engineering C++, An
Introduction with Advanced Techniques and Examples, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading,
MA (1994) ISBN 0-201-53393-6.

[NEIDER93] Neider, Jackie, Tom Davis, and Mason Woo, OpenGL Programming Guide, Addison
Wesley Inc., Reading, MA (1993) ISBN 0-201-63274-8.

[PERSON68] Person, Russell V., Essentials of Mathematics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York, NY (1968) ISBN 0-132-84191-6.

[PLAUGER92] Plauger, P.J., The Standard C Library, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1992)
ISBN 0-13-131509-9.

[SEDGEWICK88] Sedgewick, Robert, Algorithms, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.,
Reading, MA (1988) ISBN 0-201-06673-4.

[SHAMPINE97] Shampine, L.E, R.C. Alien, Jr., and S. Pruess, Fundamentals of Numerical
Computing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1997) ISBN 0-471-16363-5.

[STROUSTRUP94] Stroustrup, Bjarne, The Design and Evolution of C++, Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc., Reading, MA (1994) ISBN 0-201-54330-3.

[STROUSTRUP97] Stroustrup, Bjarne, The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition, Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, MA (1997) ISBN 0-201-88954-4.

[UPSTILL90] Upstill, Steve, The RenderMan Companion, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading,
MA (1990) ISBN 0-201-50868-0.

[WERNECKE94] Wernecke, Josie, The Inventor Mentor, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading,
MA (1994) ISBN 0-201-62495-8.

[YOUNG95] Young, Douglas A., Object-Oriented Programming with C++ and OSF/ Motif, 2nd
Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1995) ISBN 0-132-09255-7.
