70___   ____ ______________________________ Internet

     ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol,    ).  ICMP
 IP     , ,  
   ICMP   IP   
 IP-.

-,  ,    -
   : ,      -
 ,         -
  ,       
          .

    , ICMP   -
 , ,     -
       Echo  Reply ICMP, -
      Redirect ICMP 
 ICMP,    ,  - -
        -
    Time Exceeded ICMP  " ",  
 .

(~ ^

     ICMP    
   ,      .

       
    ,    IP  -
 ,     ,    -
      . 
     - .  -
       
  .

( "^)

   ,     , -
  ICMP-      ,  -
   .

ICMP      IP-.
 . 2.16   ICMP-.

(  )

 ICMP  IPv4   IPv6 .    -
  ICMPv4 ,  ,     
ICMP- .      .