72                          __    ____________________ Internet

()

Type  

5      Redirect Message

   :

       -
     

        ( -
   lPv6     
IPv4),    

      IP-
, 64        -
,        -


8      Echo Message

   :

     ,   

      ,  
. ,    -,   -
-   -

11     Time Exceeded Message.

   :

     ,   TTL (
)  

      ,    
 TTL = 

     IP-  -
  64     

13     Timestamp Message

    :

        

       , -
     (  , 
    )

    ICMP    RFC-777, RFC-792.

 PING  TRACEROUTE

   ICMP    ,   -
   . ICMP      
      ,
       ,  PING 
TRACEROUTE.