

............................................................................................ 3

   ?............................................................................................... 3

 ............................................................................................... 4

 1.   INTERNET............................................?

 TCP/IP.   INTERNET.......................................... 7

  TCP/IP............................................................................... 9

  ......................................................... 11

     
,   ............................................ 14

     
TCP/IP................................................................................................................ 16

 2.   TCP/IP..................................... 21

  IP- ..................................................................................... 23

 IP- (, )......................................................... 24

 IP-   , ........................ 26

   IP- ( D) ..................................................28

 IPv4.................................................................................................. 30

   ...................................................................... 31

 ........................................................................................ 32

    IP-....................................... 34

  IP-......................................................................... 39

  ......................................................................... 42

  (MAC).  Ethernet............................................... 43

   Ethernet  IP-:

 ARP  RARP, , .............................. 45

     Ethernet .....................................48

 IP   Token Ring  FDDI ...........................................49

 SLIP  , , , .......... 54

SLIP................................................................................................................. 54

 .................................................................................................................. 55

 TCP, UDP  ICMP...................................................................... 58

 TCP................................................................................................ 58

 UDP............................................................................................... 68

 ICMP............................................................................................. 69